近日，球探体育比分:科学技术大学彭新华团队报道了分布式城际量子传感器对轴子暗物质的约束。2026年1月28日出版的《自然》杂志发表了这项成果。

超轻轴子粒子是暗物质的候选粒子，据推测可在三维空间中形成稳定的宏观场构型，从而可能形成拓扑缺陷暗物质。为了通过现实参数空间探索其存在的可能性，需要考虑超出恒星冷却过程天体物理观测约束范围之外的相互作用。

研究组报道了一项实验的结果：通过关联位于两个城市的五套惰性气体实验室装置，监测极化自旋可能存在的瞬时旋转现象——这种旋转可能由拓扑缺陷相互作用引发。超极化惰性气体自旋的放大效应与最优噪声滤波技术，极大提升了探测拓扑缺陷暗物质诱导自旋旋转的灵敏度，达到约10-6弧度。

借此，研究组在10皮电子伏至0.2微电子伏的轴子质量范围内，对轴子-核子耦合强度设定了约束条件，在84皮电子伏处达到4.1×1010吉电子伏的约束精度。尽管这些结果基于不同的模型假设，但其数值已超越现有天体物理观测所设定的约束范围。该研究方法有望进一步推动超越标准模型的广泛物理探索，包括瞬时轴子波、轴子星、轴子弦与Q球等研究方向。

附：英文原文

Title: Constraints on axion dark matter by distributed intercity quantum sensors

Author: Wang, Yuanhong, Huang, Ying, Kang, Xiang, Chang, Dangui, Xu, Jiaxuan, Chen, Yifan, Pustelny, Szymon, Zheng, Wenqiang, Jiang, Min, Peng, Xinhua, Du, Jiangfeng

Issue&Volume: 2026-01-28

Abstract: Ultralight axion particles are candidates for dark matter1, conjectured to form stable, macroscopic field configurations in three-dimensional space, resulting in the possible formation of topological defect dark matter2,3,4 (TDM). Exploring their possible existence through a realistic parameter space requires considering interactions that extend beyond the constraints imposed by astrophysical observations of stellar cooling processes5. Here we report the outcome of an experiment that monitors possible transient rotations of polarized spins, which could be induced by the interaction with topological defects, carried out by correlating five noble-gas laboratory set-ups located in two cities. Amplification and optimal noise filtering in hyperpolarized noble-gas spins greatly enhance the sensitivity to TDM-induced spin rotations, reaching approximately 106rad. Through this, we set constraints on the axion–nucleon coupling across an axion mass range from 10peV to 0.2μeV, achieving 4.1×1010GeV at 84peV. These values exceed known constraints imposed by astrophysical observations, although these are obtained under different model assumptions. Our approach could further stimulate broad beyond-Standard Model physics searches, such as transient axion waves, axion stars, axion strings and Q-balls.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-10034-w

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-10034-w